19 August 1342 – Birth of Catherine of Bohemia 

1399 - King Richard II of England surrenders to his cousin Henry

1493 –Death of  Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor

1504 – In Ireland, the Hiberno-Norman de Burghs (Burkes) and Anglo-Norman Fitzgeralds fight in the Battle of Knockdoe.

1531 – Burning of Thomas Bilney, Protestant martyr, at Lollard’s Pit, just outside Bishopsgate.

1531- Chapuys to Charles V.

The King, under pretence of hunting about Windsor, has ordered the Queen to dislodge and retire to More, a house belonging to St. Alban's, and the Princess to Richmond. Many think this very strange, and think it an extreme determination for the divorce. I think it is only grimacing, to induce the Queen to consent that the cause may be tried here; of which she takes no heed, for all their tricks. The king-of-arms of Mons. de Savoy has been sent to the earl of Wiltshire to know if, according to the charge which he undertook in passing by Chambery, he had showed the King Mons. de Savoy's claim to the kingdom of Cyprus, &c. Wiltshire, on hearing of his arrival, to prevent his seeing the court, retired from it, and sent for the herald, and then charged him with having gone to visit the Queen; and hearing it was not so, was very glad. He then told him the King had come to no resolution on the matter, and the Council were dispersed, &c. He then proceeded to insist greatly on the power of France, and that M. de Savoy had been wrongly counselled to accept the county of Ast, and that the Electors of the Empire intended to revoke the election of the king of the Romans.

The Court here express pleasure at the new marriage of the duke of Orleans; and this, I think, both for the hope of gaining favor with the Pope and to be quit of the promise of the Princess. They report that the Pope, in contemplation of the said marriage, was going to give Parma and Placentia, and other things, which has a bad look; but this, I think, they do only to defame him, or to induce the prelates and others to believe that he is on bad terms with your Majesty, and that the said treaty of marriage has been made in spite of you.

Joachin stopped only one night at court, and has since returned to Dover more disgusted than ever. I know not, as yet, what he was about. The elect of Amiens arrived here when Joachin went away, and is closeted with the duke of Suffolk.

London, 19 Aug. 1531.

Expenses Of A Divorce.

Indenture between Thos. Sothehill, Esq., and Ric. Bowier alias Stirley, notary, by which the latter undertakes to solicit a "matter of delegacy" in suit before Dr. Cox, judge delegate, between Eliz. Savell, plaintiff, and Henry Savell, defendant, and to bring it to a sentence of divorce from bed and board, for a sum of 20l., out of which he will pay all expenses to the judge, doctors, proctors, and other scribes, in the Court of Arches. Witnesses : Thos. lord Darcy, Gawen Ascue, John Chauntrell, with others. Dated 19 Aug.  Hen. VIII.

1538-Process against St. Thomas of Canterbury. 

i . Citation of the saint before the King's Council, dated London, 24 April, 1538. This citations was intimated at the saint's tomb, and, after 30 days had been suffered to elapse according to the statute, judgment was pronounced as follows:

ii. Sentence,  to the effect that Thomas, formerly archbishop of Canterbury, having been cited, and no one having appeared for him, judgment is given that in his life time he disturbed the realm, and his crimes were the cause of his death, although the people hold him for a martyr. He is therefore never to be named martyr in future, his bones are to be token up and publicly burnt and the treasures of his shrine confiscated to the King. This edict to be published in London, Canterbury, and elsewhere. London, 11 June, 1538.

This sentence pronounced, the King commanded it to be put into execution 11 Aug. The gold and silver of the shrine (says Pollini) filled 26 waggons. On the 19th (St. Bernard's duy),  the sacrilege was completed and the sacred relics publicly burnt and the ashes scattered.

1557 –  Birth of Frederick I, Duke of Württemberg

1561 – 18-year-old Mary, Queen of Scots, returns to Scotland after spending 13 years in France.

1590 – Birth of Henry Rich, 1st Earl of Holland, English soldier 

1596 – Birth of Elizabeth Stuart, Queen of Bohemia

1612 – The "Samlesbury witches", three women from the Lancashire village of Samlesbury, England, are put on trial, accused of practicing witchcraft, one of the most famous witch trials in British history.

1692 – Salem witch trials: in Salem, Province of Massachusetts Bay, five people, one woman and four men, including a clergyman, are executed after being convicted of witchcraft.

source:wikipedia,http://www.british-history.ac.uk/

18 August 1430 – Death of Thomas de Ros, 8th Baron de Ros

1487 – The Siege of Málaga ends with the taking of the city by Castilian and Aragonese forces.

1503 – Death of Pope Alexander VI 

1514-Consummation of the marriage by proxy between the Princess Mary and Louis XII.

Last Sunday the marriage was concluded per verba de prœaesenti. The bride undressed and went to bed in the presence of many witnesses. The Marquis of Rothelin, in his doublet, with a pair of red hose, but with one leg naked from the middle of the thigh downwards, went into bed, and touched the Princess with his naked leg. The marriage was then declared consummated. The King of England made great rejoicing, and we at Abbeville did the same. 18 Aug. 1514.

1528-Henry VIII to Anne Boleyn

Has got her a lodging by my lord Cardinal's means, such as could not have been found hereabouts "for all causes," as the bearer will explain. Nothing more can be done in our other affairs, nor can all dangers be better provided against, so that I trust it will be hereafter to both our comforts; but I defer particulars, which would be too long to write, and not fit to trust to a messenger till your repair hither. I trust it will not be long "to-fore" I have caused my lord your father to make his provisions with speed.

1559 – Death of Pope Paul IV 

1562 - Death of John Mordaunt, 1st Baron Mordaunt of Turvey, politician, peer and member of Henry VIII’s council.

1572 – Marriage of King Henry III of Navarre and Margaret of Valois

1579 – Birth of Countess Charlotte Flandrina of Nassau

1596 – Birth of Jean Bolland, Flemish priest and hagiographer 

1605 – Birth of Henry Hammond, English churchman 

1606 – Birth of Maria Anna of Spain

source:wikipedia,http://www.british-history.ac.uk/

17 August 1424 – Hundred Years' War: Battle of Verneuil – An English force under John, Duke of Bedford defeats a larger French army under the Duke of Alençon, John Stewart, and Earl Archibald of Douglas.

1473 – Birth of Richard of Shrewsbury, 1st Duke of York,sixth child and second son of King Edward IV of England and Elizabeth Woodville, born in Shrewsbury. He and his older brother, who briefly reigned as King Edward V of England, mysteriously disappeared shortly after Richard III of England seized the throne in 1483.

1498 – Cesare Borgia, son of Pope Alexander VI, becomes the first person in history to resign the cardinalate. On the same day, the French King Louis XII names him Duke of Valentinois.

1510 –Death of  Edmund Dudley, English politician.He was an English administrator and a financial agent of King Henry VII. He served as Speaker of the House of Commons and President of the King's Council. After the accession of Henry VIII, he was imprisoned in the Tower of London and executed the next year on a treason charge. While waiting for his execution he wrote The Tree of Commonwealth.

1510-Death of Richard Empson,minister of Henry VII, was a son of Peter Empson. Educated as a lawyer, he soon attained considerable success in his profession, and in 1491 was a Knight of the Shire for Northamptonshire in Parliament, and Speaker of the House of Commons.

1549 – Battle of Sampford Courtenay – The Prayer Book Rebellion is quashed in England.

1560 – The Roman Catholic Church is overthrown and Protestantism is established as the national religion in Scotland.

1585 – Eighty Years' War: Siege of Antwerp – Antwerp is captured by Spanish forces under Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma, who orders Protestants to leave the city and as a result over half of the 100,000 inhabitants flee to the northern provinces.

1585 – A first group of colonists sent by Sir Walter Ralegh under the charge of Ralph Lane lands in the New World to create Roanoke Colony on Roanoke Island, off the coast of present-day North Carolina.

1597 – Islands Voyage: Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex, and Sir Walter Raleigh set sail on an expedition to the Azores.

source:wikipedia

15 August 1369 – Death of Philippa of Hainault 

1430 – Francesco Sforza, lord of Milan, conquers Lucca.

1483 – Pope Sixtus IV consecrates the Sistine Chapel.

1550 - Due to religious policies, London was greatly divided on whether or not to celebrate this Assumption Day

1551 - Robert Dudley, the future Earl of Leicester, and his friend Barnaby Fitzpatrick, 2nd Baron Upper Ossory, were appointed as gentlemen of Edward VI’s privy chamber.

1599 – Nine Years' War: Battle of Curlew Pass – Irish forces led by Hugh Roe O'Donnell successfully ambush English forces, led by Sir Conyers Clifford, sent to relieve Collooney Castle.

16 August 1401 – Birth of Jacqueline, Countess of Hainaut

1445 – Death of Margaret Stewart, Dauphine of France,child of King James I of Scotland and Queen Joan Beaufort.

1513 – Battle of Guinegate (Battle of the Spurs) – King Henry VIII of England and his Imperial allies defeat French Forces who are then forced to retreat.

The Battle of Guinegate or Battle of the Spurs took place on 16 August 1513. As part of the Holy League, during the ongoing Italian Wars, English and Imperial troops under Henry VIII and Maximilian I surprised and routed a body of French cavalry under Jacques de La Palice. Henry and Maximilian were besieging the town of Thérouanne in Artois (now Pas-de-Calais). Henry's camp was at Guinegate, now called Enguinegatte.[1] After Thérouanne fell, Henry VIII besieged and took Tournai.

1549-Death of Sir Christopher More,son of John More, a London fishmonger, and his wife, Elizabeth. He was active in local administration in Sussex and Surrey, and from 1505 until his death held office in the Exchequer, rising in 1542 to the post of King's Remembrancer. His sister, Alice More, was the fourth wife of Sir John More, father of Sir Thomas More

1573 – Birth of Anne of Austria, Queen of Poland 

source:wikipedia,the tudors wiki,http://www.onthisdayintudorhistory.com/

14 August 1415 – Henry the Navigator leads Portuguese forces to victory over the Marinids at the Battle of Ceuta.

1433 – Death of John I of Portugal 

1464 – Death of Pope Pius II 

1473 – Birth of Margaret Pole, Countess of Salisbury 

She was an English peeress. She was the daughter of George, Duke of Clarence,  brother of King Edward IV and King Richard III. She was one of two women in sixteenth-century England to be a peeress in her own right with no titled husband. One of the few surviving members of the Plantagenet dynasty after the Wars of the Roses, she was executed in 1541 at the command of King Henry VIII, who was the son of her cousin Elizabeth of York. Pope Leo XIII beatified her as a martyr for the Roman Catholic Church on 29 December 1886

1479 – Birth of Catherine of York .

She was the ninth child and sixth daughter of King Edward IV by his wife Elizabeth Woodville.She was born in Eltham Palace. Edward IV hastened to seek a marriage contract for his youngest daughter. On 28 August 1479, a marriage contract was concluded. The contract promised Catherine to John, Prince of Asturias, eldest son of Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile. The alliance was still being negotiated when her father died on 9 April 1483. This marriage was never concluded.

Her brother-in-law Henry VII, husband of her sister Elizabeth, later negotiated with James III of Scotland to obtain a possible husband for her. According to an agreement drawn up in November 1487, Catherine would marry James Stewart, Duke of Ross, second son of James III. The same agreement promised the hand of her mother Elizabeth Woodville to James III and the hand of one of her sisters to the future James IV of Scotland. James III was killed in the Battle of Sauchieburn (11 June 1488). His son and successor, James IV, never pursued this agreement.

1513 – Birth of William Parr, Marquess of Northampton and brother of Queen Catherine Parr

1598 – Nine Years' War: Battle of the Yellow Ford – Irish forces under Hugh O'Neill, Earl of Tyrone, defeat an English expeditionary force under Henry Bagenal.

source:wikipedia