14 September 1404 –Death of  Albert IV, Duke of Austria 

1435 –Death of  John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford, English politician, Lord High Admiral

1486 –Birth of Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa, German theologian, astrologer, and alchemist 

 1514-Second proxy marriage of King Louis XII of France and Mary Tudor, sister of Henry VIII. 

1523 –Death of Pope Adrian VI 

1538 –Death of  Henry III of Nassau-Breda 

1540 – Death of Sir William Kingston, Constable of the Tower of London

1543 –Birth of  Claudio Acquaviva, Italian priest, 5th Superior General of the Society of Jesus 

1544-Henry VIII's forces take Boulogne, France.

1547 –Birth of  Johan van Oldenbarnevelt, Dutch politician

1580 – Birth of  Francisco de Quevedo, Spanish poet and politician

15 September 1440 – Gilles de Rais, one of the earliest known serial killers, is taken into custody upon an accusation brought against him by the Bishop of Nantes.

1500 –Death of John Morton, English cardinal

1514 – Thomas Wolsey was appointed Archbishop of York

1533 – Birth of Catherine of Austria, Queen of Poland 

1556 – Departing from Vlissingen, ex-Holy Roman Emperor Charles V returns to Spain.

1564 – Final day of Mary, Queen of Scots’ fourth royal progress.

1588-The Spanish Armada, which attempted to invade England, is destroyed by a British fleet.

1589-The Battle of Arques 

The Battle of Arques occurred on 15–18 September 1589 between the French royal forces of King Henry IV of France and troops of the Catholic League commanded by Charles of Lorraine, Duke of Mayenne during the eighth and final war (1585-1598) of the French Wars of Religion. It was a victory for Henry IV.

source:wikipedia,http://www.british-history.ac.uk/,the anne boleyn files

12 September 1213 – Death of Peter II of Aragon

1369 –  Death of Blanche of Lancaster.She was a member of the English royal House of Plantagenet, daughter of the kingdom's wealthiest and most powerful peer, Henry of Grosmont, 1st Duke of Lancaster. She was the first wife of John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster, and the mother of King Henry IV

1492 – Birth of Lorenzo de' Medici, Duke of Urbino 

1494 – Birth of François I , King of France from 1515 until his death. He was the son of Charles, Count of Angoulême, and Louise of Savoy. He succeeded his cousin and father-in-law Louis XII, who died without a male heir.A prodigal patron of the arts, he initiated the French Renaissance by attracting many Italian artists to work on the Château de Chambord, including Leonardo da Vinci, who brought the Mona Lisa with him, which Francis had acquired. Francis' reign saw important cultural changes with the rise of absolute monarchy in France, the spread of humanism and Protestantism, and the beginning of French exploration of the New World. Jacques Cartier and others claimed lands in the Americas for France and paved the way for the expansion of the first French colonial empire.For his role in the development and promotion of a standardized French language, he became known as le Père et Restaurateur des Lettres (the "Father and Restorer of Letters").He was also known as François au Grand Nez ("Francis of the Large Nose"), the Grand Colas, and the Roi-Chevalier (the "Knight-King") for his personal involvement in the wars against his great rival Holy Roman Emperor Charles V.Encircled by the territories of Charles V, Francis persevered in the long and ruinous military conflict, known as the Italian Wars, between France and the Holy Roman Empire. In his struggle against Imperial hegemony, he unsuccessfully sought the support of Henry VIII of England at the Field of the Cloth of Gold. As an alternative, he formed a Franco-Ottoman alliance with Suleiman the Magnificent, a controversial move for a Christian king at the time.

1500 – Death of Albert III, Duke of Saxony

1530-The divorce:Notarial attestation of the oaths of the theologians of Bologna, dated 12 Sept. 1530.

1555- Trial of Archbishop Cranmer

13 September 1475 – Birth of Cesare Borgia, Italian cardinal.He was the  son of Pope Alexander VI and his long-term mistress Vannozza dei Cattanei. He was the brother of Lucrezia Borgia; Giovanni Borgia (Juan), Duke of Gandia; and Gioffre Borgia (Jofré in Valencian), Prince of Squillace.After initially entering the church and becoming a cardinal on his father's election to the Papacy, he became the first person to resign a cardinalcy after the death of his brother in 1498. His father set him up as a prince with territory carved from the Papal States, but after his father's death he was unable to retain power for long, according to Machiavelli this was due to his planning for all possibilities but his own illness. After escaping from prison Cesare died fighting in Spain.

1501 – Michelangelo begins work on his statue of David.

1502 – Birth of John Leland, English poet and antiquarian 

1504 – Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand issue a Royal Warrant for the construction of a Royal Chapel (Capilla Real) to be built.

1521 – Birth of William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley, chief advisor of Queen Elizabeth I for most of her reign, twice Secretary of State (1550–1553 and 1558–1572) and Lord High Treasurer from 1572. He was the founder of the Cecil dynasty which has produced many politicians including two Prime Ministers.

1529-Sir Thomas More to Mrs Alice "lady More"

I am informed by my son Heron of the loss of our barns, and our neighbours' also. The loss of so much corn is a pity, but we must not only be content, but be glad of God's visitation. Perhaps we have more cause to thank Him for our loss than for our winning, for His wisdom sees best what is good for us; so pray be of good cheer, and take all the household to church, and thank God both for what He has given and for what He has taken from us. "I pray you to make some good ensearch what my poor neighbours have lost, and bid them take no thought therefor; for if I should not leave myself a spoon, there shall no poor neighbour of mine bear no loss by any chance happened in my house." Begs her and the children to be merry, and consult with friends about providing seed corn for the coming year. Expected, on coming here, to remain with the King; but intends now to get leave next week and come home. Woodstock, 13 Sept. 1529.

1541 – After three years of exile, John Calvin returns to Geneva to reform the church under a body of doctrine known as Calvinism.

1557 – Death of John Cheke, English scholar and politician, Secretary of State for England

1584 – San Lorenzo del Escorial Palace in Madrid is finished.

1598 –Death of  Philip II of Spain, King of Spain (second Philip to Castille, first to Aragon and the fourth to Navarre) from 1556 and of Portugal from 1581 (as Philip I, Filipe I). From 1554 he was King of Naples and Sicily as well as Duke of Milan. During his marriage to Queen Mary I (1554–58), he was also Prince Consort of England and Ireland

source:wikipedia,http://www.british-history.ac.uk/

11 September 1298 – Death of Philip of Artois

1349 – Death of Bonne of Bohemia

1525 – Birth of John George, Elector of Brandenburg

1540 - Death of Thomas Kitson.He was a wealthy English merchant, Sheriff of London, and builder of Hengrave Hall in Suffolk.

1561 – Mary, Queen of Scots began her first royal progress.

1611 – Birth of  Henri de la Tour d'Auvergne, Vicomte de Turenne, French general

source:wikipedia

10 September 1419 – John the Fearless, Duke of Burgundy son of Margaret III, Countess of Flanders is assassinated by adherents of the Dauphin, the future Charles VII of France.

1487 –Birth of Pope Julius III 

1509 – An earthquake known as "The Lesser Judgment Day" hits Constantinople.

1515 – Thomas Wolsey is invested as a Cardinal

1519 – Death of John Colet, English theologian and scholar

1533-Christening of Princess Elizabeth

The christening of lady Elizabeth, daughter to King Henry VIII., the 25th year of his reign, 

On Sept 7, between three and four o'clock p.m., the Queen was delivered of a fair lady, for whom Te Deum was incontinently sung. The mayor, Sir Stephen Pecock, with his brethren and 40 of the chief citizens, were ordered to be at the christening on the Wednesday following ; on which day the mayor and council, in scarlet, with their collars, rowed to Greenwich, and the citizens went in another barge.

All the walls between the King's place and the Friars were hanged with arras, and the way strewed with rushes. The Friars' church was also hanged with arras. The font, of silver, stood in the midst of the church three steps high, covered with a fine cloth, and surrounded by gentlemen  with aprons and towels about their necks, that no filth should come into it. Over it hung a crimson satin canopy fringed with gold, and round it was a rail covered with red say. Between the choir and the body of the church was a close place with a pan of fire, to make the child ready in. When the child was brought to the hall every man set forward. The citizens of London, two and two ; then gentlemen, squires, and chaplains, the aldermen, the mayor alone, the King's council, his chapel, in copes ; barons, bishops, earls ; the earl of Essex bearing the covered gilt basons ; the marquis of Exeter with a taper of virgin wax. The marquis of Dorset bare the salt. The lady Mary of Norfolk bare the chrisom, of pearl and stone. The officers of arms. The old duchess of Norfolk bare the child in a mantle of purple velvet, with a long train held by the earl of Wiltshire, the countess of Kent, and the earl of Derby. The dukes of Suffolk and Norfolk were on each side of the Duchess. A canopy was borne over the child by lord Rochford, lord Hussy, lord William Howard, and lord Thomas Howard the elder. Then ladies and gentlewomen. The bishop of London and other bishops and abbots met the child at the church door, and christened it. The archbishop of Canterbury was godfather, and the old duchess of Norfolk and the old marchioness of Dorset godmothers. This done, Garter, with a loud voice, bid God send her long life. The archbishop of Canterbury then confirmed her, the marchioness of Exeter being godmother. Then the trumpets blew, and the gifts were given ; after which wafers, comfits, and hypocras were brought in. In going out the gifts were borne before the child, to the Queen's chamber, by Sir John Dudley, lord Thos. Howard, the younger, lord Fitzwater, and the earl of Worcester. One side was full of the Guard and King's servants holding 500 staff torches, and many other torches were borne beside the child by gentlemen. The mayor and aldermen were thanked in the King's name by the dukes of Norfolk and Suffolk, and after drinking in the cellar went to their barge.

1533-Chapuys to Charles V.

Will not write at length, having only been informed of this courier at the moment of his departure ; besides there is nothing important since his last. Has only to mention that on Sunday last, the eve of Our Lady (7 Sept.), about 3 p.m., the King's mistress (amie) was delivered of a daughter, to the great regret both of him and the lady, and to the great reproach of the physicians, astrologers, sorcerers, and sorceresses, who affirmed that it would be a male child. But the people are doubly glad that it is a daughter rather than a son, and delight to mock those who put faith in such divinations, and to see them so full of shame. The mayor, aldermen, masters of trades, and others of the city, are called to be present this afternoon at the christening. The French ambassadors are also summoned. The christening is to be at Greenwich. The godmothers are to be the mother-in-law of the duke of Norfolk and the marchioness of Exeter. The archbishop of Canterbury is to be godfather. The bishop of London is to officiate. She is to be called Mary, like the Princess ; which title, I hear in many quarters, will be taken from the true princess and given to her. If it be so. Misfortune manages well ; and God has forgotten him entirely, hardening him in his obstinacy to punish and ruin him ; of which there is the greatest probability in the world, seeing the indignation of the people, both small and great, which grows every day, and nothing could better augment it than defrauding the said Princess of her title ; for she is, as she ought to be, adored by everybody. But the said indignation, like other things, may grow cool in time, so that it should be used in season ; yet I think it so rooted and so just that the people will not forget it, or change, at least the most part of them.

It is appointed for me to be at Court tomorrow morning with the King's Council to take resolution about the restitution of the goods seized by the Lubeckers from the Spaniards. London, 10 Sept. 1533.

1547 – The Battle of Pinkie Cleugh, the last full scale military confrontation between England and Scotland, resulting in a decisive victory for the forces of Edward VI.

1549 – Death of Anthony Denny, English politician,Henry VIII’s friend and groom of the stool

1550 – Birth of Alonso Pérez de Guzmán, 7th Duke of Medina Sidonia, Spanish general

1557 – Execution of Joyce Lewis,martyr, she was only daughter of Thomas Curzon of Croxall, Staffordshire, by Anne, daughter of Sir John Aston of Tixall in the same county. She married, first, Sir George Appleby, in Leicestershire, and, after his death at the battle of Pinkie in 1547, Thomas Lewis, who had acquired part of the manor of Mancetter, Warwickshire, during the reign of Edward VI. For a time she was a strict catholic, but having been attracted towards protestantism by the death of the martyr Lawrence Saunders in 1555, the impression was confirmed by the teaching of a neighbour, John Glover, brother of Robert Glover (d. 1555). Her irreverent behaviour in church was made the subject of complaint to the Bishop of Lichfield, and he sent a citation which, however, Lewis is said to have forced the official to eat. The bishop bound the husband in 100l. to bring his wife up for trial in a month, which he did in spite of intercession from friends. Mrs. Lewis was detained in prison for a year, and burnt at Lichfield 18 Dec. 1557: she was accompanied to the stake by Augustine Bernher She left two sons by her first husband. A tablet to the memory of Joyce Lewis and Robert Glover was erected in Mancetter Church in 1833.

1570 – Spanish Jesuit missionaries land in present-day Virginia to establish the short-lived Ajacán Mission.

1588 –Birth of  Nicholas Lanier, English singer-songwriter and lute player

1591 –Death of Richard Grenville, English admiral and politician

source:wikipedia, http://www.british-history.ac.uk/

9 September 1488 – Death of Francis II, Duke of Brittany 

1493 – Battle of Krbava Field, a decisive defeat of Croats in Croatian struggle against the invasion by the Ottoman Empire.

1513-The Battle of Flodden or Flodden Field or occasionally Battle of Branxton  was a conflict between the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Scotland. The battle was fought in the county of Northumberland in northern England on 9 September 1513, between an invading Scots army under King James IV and an English army commanded by the Earl of Surrey. It was an English victory. In terms of troop numbers, it was the largest battle fought between the two Kingdoms. James IV was killed in the battle, becoming the last monarch from the British Isles to suffer such a death.

THE BATTLE OF FLODDEN FIELD (Sept. 9, 1513), was fought between James IV of Scotland and the English under the Earl of Surrey. The most noteworthy circumstances of this engagement are: (1) The skilful movement by which the Earl of Surrey succeeded in crossing the river Till, and cutting off all communication between King James and Scotland. (2) The omission of the Scots to take advantage of the favourable movement for attack presented by the passage of the English army over the river. (3) The utter defeat of the English right win under Sir Edward Howard, and the loss of this success to the Scots through the misconduct of the troops of Earls Huntly and Home, who, instead of following up their victory, abandoned themselves to pillaging the luggage of both armies. (4) The prowess of the English archers, whose murderous volleys threw the Scottish right, led by Lennox and Argyle, into complete confusion. and rendered their subsequent defeat and ruinous flight a comparatively easy matter. (5) The desperate resistance against overwhelming numbers made by the Scottish centre, and the death of James IV during the heat of the contest. (6) The indecisiveness of the conflict. Notwithstanding reverses elsewhere, and the death of their king, the Scots succeeded in holding Flodden Hill during the night, and only abandoned their position at the dawn of the next day on learning the real state of affairs. Meanwhile, on the English side, the contest had so nearly resulted in defeat that Surrey was quite unable to prosecute the war with any vigour.

source:The Dictionary of English History. Sidney J. Low and F. S. Pulling

1513 – James IV of Scotland is defeated and dies in the Battle of Flodden, ending Scotland's involvement in the War of the League of Cambrai.

1513 – victims of the Battle of Flodden:

– James IV of Scotland 

– George Douglas, Master of Angus

– William Douglas of Glenbervie 

– William Graham, 1st Earl of Montrose, Scottish politician

– George Hepburn, Scottish bishop

– Adam Hepburn, 2nd Earl of Bothwell, Scottish politician, Lord High Admiral of Scotland

– Adam Hepburn of Craggis

– David Kennedy, 1st Earl of Cassilis, Scottish soldier 

– Alexander Lauder of Blyth, Scottish politician

– Alexander Stewart, Scottish archbishop

– Matthew Stewart, 2nd Earl of Lennox, Scottish politician

1543 – Mary Stuart, at nine months old, is crowned "Queen of Scots" in the central Scottish town of Stirling.

1543-Chapuys to Charles V.

The man last despatched to advertise the King and Council of the Emperor's news has just reported that the King showed great joy at the Emperor's good success, and praised his manner of proceeding in the patents published in Cleves and Juliers, the summons to Dure and the subsequent sentence and condemnation, and was glad to be so amply advertised and to have learnt the motives which constrained the Emperor to this enterprise. The King desires the enterprise finished in order the sooner to know what remains to be done. The king of France's practice to kill the prince of Piedmont he finds strange and execrable.

Learning that at St. Malo in Brittany 150 sail are preparing and that about Denmark many are ready, the King has equipped all his ships to the number of 25, besides merchants and adventurers, and much desires those armed in Zealand and Sluys to come hither and consult for a joint enterprise. The Council are vexed that the captains of their men before Landrechies answered Scepperus a little angrily, who was sent to them from the Emperor. They (the captains) are not altogether discreet, for they have dared to write to the King that the Emperor's men showed themselves cowards, afraid to seek the enemies, and that had it lain with them they would have already gained all. Such dealings must not cause astonishment. It is their nature. Does not think that they will withdraw before the time prefixed, and, even if the King had thought of revoking them, the Emperor's success would change his mind. The Princess has been very ill of a colic, and no medicine has more assisted her cure than the good news of the Emperor. London, 9 Sept. 1543.

1561 – The ultimately unsuccessful Colloquy at Poissy opens in an effort to reconcile French Catholics and Protestants.

The Colloquy at Poissy was a religious conference which took place in Poissy, France, in 1561. Its object was to effect a reconciliation between the Catholics and Protestants (Huguenots) of France.The conference was opened on 9 September in the refectory of the convent of Poissy, the French king (aged 11) himself being present. It broke up inconclusively a month later, on 9 October, by which point the divide between the doctrines appeared irreconcilable.

1583 –Death of  Humphrey Gilbert, English explorer

1558 – Birth of Philippe Emmanuel, Duke of Mercœur 

1585 – Birth of Cardinal Richelieu, French clergyman 

1596 – Death of Anna Jagiellon, Polish queen 

source:wikipedia,http://www.british-history.ac.uk/,The Dictionary of English History.

5 royal births that rocked a nation.Read more:http://www.historyextra.com/feature/sex-and-love/5-royal-births-rocked-nation